Surgery: shalya-chikitsa in hindi, is a very ancient branch of medicine which deals with maladies that can be treated by “hands and instruments”. It has evolved tremendously in the modern age with evolution of technology and concepts. Its very safe compared to the past and the science places emphasis on optimisation of the patients with compromised physiology or with co-morbidities (coexisting diseases). There is increasing emphasis on minimally access surgery.
